Light alloying element-regulated noble metal catalysts for energy-related applications

Noble metals have been widely used as heterogeneous catalysts because they exhibit high activity and selectivity for many reactions of both academic industrial interest. The introduction light atomic species (e.g., H, B, C, N) into noble metal lattices plays an important role in optimizing catalytic performance by modulating structural electronic properties. In this review, we present a general overview the recent advances modification with alloying elements various reactions, particularly energy-related applications. We summarize types, location, concentration, ordering degree atoms major factors metal-based catalysts, emphasis on how can be rationally controlled to promote selectivity. then synthetic strategies developed incorporate highlight theoretical experimental methods understanding effects. further focus wide usage modified different attempt correlate features their performances. Finally, discuss current challenges future perspectives regarding development highly efficient elements.